Description of Tunnel Excavation Equipment:
A tunnel is an underground passageway, completely enclosed except for openings for ingress and egress, commonly at each end.

There are three basic types of tunnel construction in general:
1. Cut and cover tunnel which is constructed in a shallow trench and then covered over.
2. Bored tunnel that is constructed without removing the ground above. They are usually of circular or horseshoe cross-section.
3. Immersed tube tunnels, sunk into a body of water and sit on, or are buried just under, its bed. Here we mainly use drilling jumbo and road header as tunnel excavation equipment to excavate a tunnel cross-section around 3.8m×3.8m to 6m×6m.
In the tunnel construction, these factors such as the ground conditions, the ground water conditions, the length and diameter of the tunnel drive, the depth of the tunnel, the logical supporting of the tunnel excavation, the final use and shape of the tunnel and appropriate risk management should be considered when choosing tunnel excavation equipment. By using the tunnel excavation equipment, the tunnels are dug from soft clay to hard rock.

Different Types of Tunnel Excavation Equipment:
1. Tunnel face drilling jumbo
(1) Divide by traveling mode: Tyre, crawler, rail.
(2) Divide by working gradient: Big slope, level surface.
(3) Divide by power supply: Dual power of diesel and electrical motor, electrical motor power.
2. Mining drilling jumbo
3. Mucking loader
(1) Divide by traveling mode: Tyre, crawler, rail.
(2) Divide by working gradient: big slope, level surface.
(3) Divide by power supply: Dual power of diesel and electrical motor, electrical motor power.
(4) Special design: with hydraulic hammer three arms, or two arms; open pit ; narrow sized.
4. LHD loader
5. Underground truck
6. Minging wagon
7. Concrete mixer

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